HOW DOES AVF WORK

HOW DOES AVF WORK

HOW DOES AVF WORK

What is AVF?

Atrioventricular fistula (AVF) is a rare congenital heart defect that occurs when there is an abnormal connection between an atrium and a ventricle in the heart. Normally, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles through the atrioventricular valves. In AVF, however, there is an additional pathway for blood to flow directly from the atria to the ventricles, bypassing the valves.

What causes AVF?

AVF is usually caused by a problem with the development of the heart during pregnancy. It can also be caused by a traumatic injury to the heart, such as a gunshot wound or a car accident.

Types of AVF

There are two main types of AVF:

  • Partial AVF: In this type of AVF, there is a small opening between the atrium and the ventricle. Blood can flow from the atrium to the ventricle, but it cannot flow back from the ventricle to the atrium.
  • Complete AVF: In this type of AVF, there is a large opening between the atrium and the ventricle. Blood can flow freely from the atrium to the ventricle and from the ventricle to the atrium.

Symptoms of AVF

The symptoms of AVF can vary depending on the size of the fistula and the type of AVF. Some people with AVF may not have any symptoms, while others may experience:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue
  • Chest pain
  • Lightheadedness or dizziness
  • Heart palpitations
  • Swelling in the feet, ankles, or legs
  • Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin)

How is AVF diagnosed?

AVF is diagnosed with an echocardiogram. This is a type of ultrasound that uses sound waves to create images of the heart. An echocardiogram can show the size and location of the fistula and how blood is flowing through the heart.

Other tests that may be used to diagnose AVF include:

  • Chest X-ray
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
  • Cardiac catheterization

How is AVF treated?

The treatment for AVF depends on the size and location of the fistula and the severity of the symptoms. Treatment options may include:

  • Surgery to close the fistula
  • Catheter-based intervention to close the fistula
  • Medications to improve heart function

What is the prognosis for AVF?

The prognosis for AVF depends on the size and location of the fistula and the severity of the symptoms. With early diagnosis and treatment, most people with AVF can live a normal life.

Frequently Asked Questions on Atrioventricular Fistula (AVF)

What are some of the risks associated with AVF?

AVF can lead to a number of complications, including:

  • Heart failure
  • Stroke
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Endocarditis (infection of the heart lining)

How often is AVF diagnosed?

AVF is a rare congenital heart defect. It is estimated to occur in about 1 in 20,000 live births.

Is AVF hereditary?

AVF is not usually hereditary. However, it can be associated with certain genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome and Marfan syndrome.

Is AVF curable?

AVF can be cured with surgery or catheter-based intervention. However, some people with AVF may need ongoing treatment to manage their symptoms.

What is the life expectancy of someone with AVF?

The life expectancy of someone with AVF depends on the size and location of the fistula and the severity of the symptoms. With early diagnosis and treatment, most people with AVF can live a normal life.

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