WHY NBM AFTER SURGERY?

The abbreviation NBM stands for nil per os, which literally means "nothing by mouth." It is a common instruction given to patients before and after surgery. This is done to ensure that the patient's stomach and intestines are empty, which is essential for several reasons.

Pre-Operative NBM: Preparing for Surgery

Prior to surgery, patients are typically instructed to refrain from eating or drinking for a certain amount of time. The duration of the fasting period depends on the type of surgery and the patient's individual circumstances.

Why is Pre-Operative NBM Necessary?

• Prevents Aspiration: During surgery, the patient may be placed under general anesthesia, which can cause relaxation of the muscles in the throat. This can increase the risk of aspirating (inhaling) stomach contents into the lungs, which can lead to a serious complication called aspiration pneumonia. Having an empty stomach minimizes this risk.

• Facilitates Intubation: If the surgery requires the use of a breathing tube (intubation), an empty stomach makes the process safer and easier. A full stomach can make it difficult to visualize the vocal cords, increasing the risk of complications during intubation.

• Prevents Nausea and Vomiting: Anesthesia can cause nausea and vomiting, especially if the stomach is not empty. By avoiding food and drink before surgery, the risk of these unpleasant side effects is reduced.

Post-Operative NBM: Aiding Recovery

After surgery, patients are often kept NBM for a period of time. The length of this period depends on the type of surgery, the patient's condition, and the doctor's instructions.

Why is Post-Operative NBM Necessary?

• Reduces Nausea and Vomiting: Anesthesia and certain medications used during surgery can cause nausea and vomiting. Keeping the stomach empty helps to reduce the risk of these side effects.

• Prevents Complications: Eating or drinking too soon after surgery can lead to complications such as bleeding, infection, or damage to the surgical site. Giving the body time to heal properly is crucial.

• Facilitates Monitoring: After surgery, doctors and nurses need to closely monitor the patient's vital signs and overall condition. An empty stomach makes it easier to assess the patient's progress and identify any potential problems.

Exceptions to the NBM Rule

In some cases, patients may be allowed to have clear liquids, such as water or broth, after surgery. This is usually done gradually, starting with small sips and increasing the amount as tolerated.

When to Resume Eating and Drinking

The decision of when to resume eating and drinking after surgery is made by the doctor. The doctor will consider factors such as the type of surgery, the patient's condition, and the patient's tolerance for food and drink.

Conclusion

NBM is a common and important part of the surgical process. It helps to ensure the safety of the patient during and after surgery, and it aids in the healing process. Patients should follow their doctor's instructions carefully regarding NBM before and after surgery.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Why is it important to follow NBM instructions before and after surgery?

   • Following NBM instructions helps to reduce the risk of complications during and after surgery, such as aspiration, nausea, vomiting, bleeding, infection, and damage to the surgical site.

2. How long do I need to follow NBM before surgery?

   • The length of the NBM period before surgery depends on the type of surgery and the patient's individual circumstances. Your doctor will provide specific instructions.

3. What can I drink after surgery?

   • After surgery, you may be allowed to have clear liquids, such as water or broth, gradually increasing the amount as tolerated. Your doctor will provide specific instructions.

4. When can I start eating solid food after surgery?

   • The decision of when to start eating solid food after surgery is made by the doctor. It depends on factors such as the type of surgery, the patient's condition, and the patient's tolerance for food.

5. What are the signs that I can start eating and drinking after surgery?

   • Your doctor will assess your condition and provide instructions on when you can start eating and drinking. Generally, you may be allowed to start when you are able to tolerate small sips of clear liquids without experiencing nausea or vomiting.